"-ynge" meaning in Middle English

See -ynge in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /-inɡ(ə)/, /-unɡ(ə)/ [Early-Middle-English, also] Forms: -eng [alternative], -enge [alternative], -ing [alternative], -inge [alternative], -ingue [alternative], -inng [alternative], -yng [alternative], -ung [alternative, Early-Middle-English], -unge [alternative, Early-Middle-English]
Etymology: Inherited from Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Etymology templates: {{etymon|enm|:inh|ang:-ung<id:gerund noun>|id=gerund noun}}, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|-ing|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English -ing, {{inh+|enm|ang|-ing}} Inherited from Old English -ing, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*-ungu}} Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*-ingō}} Proto-Germanic *-ingō Head templates: {{head|enm|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}} -ynge
  1. Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:
    An effect or result of an action.
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ynge-enm-suffix-5eARQfw- Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 16 16 16 16 16 18 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 15 15 15 15 17 4 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 14 14 14 14 16 7 7
  2. Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:
    Something affected or originating from an action.
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ynge-enm-suffix-l2YCrDx0 Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 16 16 16 16 16 18 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 15 15 15 15 17 4 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 14 14 14 14 16 7 7
  3. Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:
    Permission or capability to perform an action.
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ynge-enm-suffix-LgGUh3fT Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 16 16 16 16 16 18 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 15 15 15 15 17 4 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 14 14 14 14 16 7 7
  4. Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:
    Where or when an action occurs.
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ynge-enm-suffix--4N60pqT Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 16 16 16 16 16 18 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 15 15 15 15 17 4 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 14 14 14 14 16 7 7
  5. Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:
    Something that performs an action or used to perform an action.
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ynge-enm-suffix-PBhDGzCV Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 16 16 16 16 16 18 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 15 15 15 15 17 4 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 14 14 14 14 16 7 7
  6. Forms collective nouns from verbs, especially referring to a supply or reserve. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ynge-enm-suffix-fyFJJxQG Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 16 16 16 16 16 18 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 15 15 15 15 17 4 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 14 14 14 14 16 7 7
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

IPA: /-inɡ(ə)/ (note: not Early Scots), /-in/ [Late-Middle-English, Northern], /-ɛnd(ə)/ [Early-Middle-English, Kent, Norfolk, especially], /-ind(ə)/ (note: especially Early Middle English or West Midland), /-an(d)/, /-and(ə)/ (note: especially Northern, North Midland, older London, or Norfolk)
Etymology: Inherited from Old English -ende, from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz, from Proto-Indo-European *-onts. Forms in -yng(e), -ing(e) are influenced by Etymology 1, perhaps supported by dissimilation of successive /nd/ sequences in forms such as fondende (“testing”), those in -and(e) are influenced by Old Norse -andi, while those in -inde, ynde are either the result of a sound change, or more likely generalised from verbs in -ien with heavy roots. Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|present participle}}, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|-ende|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English -ende, {{inh+|enm|ang|-ende}} Inherited from Old English -ende, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*-andī}} Proto-West Germanic *-andī, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*-andz}} Proto-Germanic *-andz, {{inh|enm|ine-pro|*-onts}} Proto-Indo-European *-onts, {{cog|non|-andi}} Old Norse -andi Head templates: {{head|enm|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}} -ynge Forms: -ing [alternative], -inge [alternative], -ingge [alternative], -yng [alternative], -yngge [alternative], -end [alternative, Early-Middle-English, especially], -ende [alternative, Early-Middle-English, especially], -inde [alternative, Early-Middle-English, especially], -ynde [alternative, Early-Middle-English, especially], -and [alternative, Midlands, North, Northern, especially], -ande [alternative, Midlands, North, Northern, especially]
  1. equivalent of English -ing; forms the present participle. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ynge-enm-suffix-BeWTh~pw Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 11 11 11 11 11 12 31 5
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix

Head templates: {{head|enm|suffix|altform=1}} -ynge
  1. alternative form of -yng Tags: alt-of, alternative, morpheme Alternative form of: -yng
    Sense id: en--ynge-enm-suffix-jlSzp41B
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-ing"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-in'"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-in"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-in"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-in'"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ing"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "-ing"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-in"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-in'"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ing"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "-yng"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "-een"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "-en"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:-ung<id:gerund noun>",
        "id": "gerund noun"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ing",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ing",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ing",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-ungu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ungu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ingō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-eng",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-enge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ing",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-inge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ingue",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-inng",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yng",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ynge",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 16 16 16 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 15 15 15 17 4 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 14 14 16 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:",
        "An effect or result of an action."
      ],
      "id": "en--ynge-enm-suffix-5eARQfw-",
      "links": [
        [
          "gerund",
          "gerund#English"
        ],
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 16 16 16 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 15 15 15 17 4 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 14 14 16 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:",
        "Something affected or originating from an action."
      ],
      "id": "en--ynge-enm-suffix-l2YCrDx0",
      "links": [
        [
          "gerund",
          "gerund#English"
        ],
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 16 16 16 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 15 15 15 17 4 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 14 14 16 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:",
        "Permission or capability to perform an action."
      ],
      "id": "en--ynge-enm-suffix-LgGUh3fT",
      "links": [
        [
          "gerund",
          "gerund#English"
        ],
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 16 16 16 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 15 15 15 17 4 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 14 14 16 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:",
        "Where or when an action occurs."
      ],
      "id": "en--ynge-enm-suffix--4N60pqT",
      "links": [
        [
          "gerund",
          "gerund#English"
        ],
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 16 16 16 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 15 15 15 17 4 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 14 14 16 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:",
        "Something that performs an action or used to perform an action."
      ],
      "id": "en--ynge-enm-suffix-PBhDGzCV",
      "links": [
        [
          "gerund",
          "gerund#English"
        ],
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 16 16 16 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 15 15 15 17 4 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 14 14 16 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms collective nouns from verbs, especially referring to a supply or reserve."
      ],
      "id": "en--ynge-enm-suffix-fyFJJxQG",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-inɡ(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-unɡ(ə)/",
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "also"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ynge"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-ing"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-in'"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "fossilised -and",
        "-ant"
      ],
      "word": "-in"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-in"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-an"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "-and"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-in"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-an"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "-an"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "present participle"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ende",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ende",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ende"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ende",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-andī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-andī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-andz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-andz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-onts"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onts",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "-andi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse -andi",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ende, from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz, from Proto-Indo-European *-onts.\nForms in -yng(e), -ing(e) are influenced by Etymology 1, perhaps supported by dissimilation of successive /nd/ sequences in forms such as fondende (“testing”), those in -and(e) are influenced by Old Norse -andi, while those in -inde, ynde are either the result of a sound change, or more likely generalised from verbs in -ien with heavy roots.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ing",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-inge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ingge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yng",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yngge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-end",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ende",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-inde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ynde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-and",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Midlands",
        "North",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ande",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Midlands",
        "North",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ynge",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 12 31 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "equivalent of English -ing; forms the present participle."
      ],
      "id": "en--ynge-enm-suffix-BeWTh~pw",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#English"
        ],
        [
          "present participle",
          "present participle#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-inɡ(ə)/",
      "note": "not Early Scots"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-in/",
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ɛnd(ə)/",
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "Kent",
        "Norfolk",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ind(ə)/",
      "note": "especially Early Middle English or West Midland"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-an(d)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-and(ə)/",
      "note": "especially Northern, North Midland, older London, or Norfolk"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ynge"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "-ynge",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-yng"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of -yng"
      ],
      "id": "en--ynge-enm-suffix-jlSzp41B",
      "links": [
        [
          "-yng",
          "-yng#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ynge"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English noun-forming suffixes",
    "Middle English suffixes",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-ing"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-in'"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-in"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-in"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-in'"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ing"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "-ing"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-in"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-in'"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ing"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "-yng"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "-een"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "-en"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:-ung<id:gerund noun>",
        "id": "gerund noun"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ing",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ing",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ing",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-ungu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ungu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ingō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ingō",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-eng",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-enge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ing",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-inge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ingue",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-inng",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yng",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ung",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-unge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ynge",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:",
        "An effect or result of an action."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gerund",
          "gerund#English"
        ],
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:",
        "Something affected or originating from an action."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gerund",
          "gerund#English"
        ],
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:",
        "Permission or capability to perform an action."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gerund",
          "gerund#English"
        ],
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:",
        "Where or when an action occurs."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gerund",
          "gerund#English"
        ],
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses:",
        "Something that performs an action or used to perform an action."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gerund",
          "gerund#English"
        ],
        [
          "verbal noun",
          "verbal noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms collective nouns from verbs, especially referring to a supply or reserve."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-inɡ(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-unɡ(ə)/",
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "also"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ynge"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English inflectional suffixes",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English suffixes",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-ing"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "-in'"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "fossilised -and",
        "-ant"
      ],
      "word": "-in"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-in"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-an"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "-and"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-in"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-an"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "-an"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "present participle"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ende",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English -ende",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-ende"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English -ende",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-andī"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-andī",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-andz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-andz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-onts"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-onts",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "-andi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse -andi",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English -ende, from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz, from Proto-Indo-European *-onts.\nForms in -yng(e), -ing(e) are influenced by Etymology 1, perhaps supported by dissimilation of successive /nd/ sequences in forms such as fondende (“testing”), those in -and(e) are influenced by Old Norse -andi, while those in -inde, ynde are either the result of a sound change, or more likely generalised from verbs in -ien with heavy roots.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ing",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-inge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ingge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yng",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yngge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-end",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ende",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-inde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ynde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-and",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Midlands",
        "North",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ande",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Midlands",
        "North",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ynge",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "equivalent of English -ing; forms the present participle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing#English"
        ],
        [
          "present participle",
          "present participle#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-inɡ(ə)/",
      "note": "not Early Scots"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-in/",
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ɛnd(ə)/",
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English",
        "Kent",
        "Norfolk",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ind(ə)/",
      "note": "especially Early Middle English or West Midland"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-an(d)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-and(ə)/",
      "note": "especially Northern, North Midland, older London, or Norfolk"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ynge"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "suffix",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "-ynge",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-yng"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of -yng"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-yng",
          "-yng#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ynge"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ynge meaning in Middle English (9.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.